Subject Object: Basic Definitions from Jung

E vs I

"Prolific" and "Devouring"

"The attitude types…are distinguished by their attitude to the object. The introvert's attitude is an abstracting one; at bottom, he is always intent on withdrawing libido from the object, as though he had to prevent the object from gaining power over him. The extravert, on the contrary, has a positive relation to the object. He affirms its importance to such an extent that his subjective attitude is constantly related to and oriented by the object. The object can never have enough value for him, and its importance must always be increased."

"…the peculiar nature of the extravert constantly urges him to expend and propagate himself in every way, while the tendency of the introvert is to defend himself against all demands from outside, to conserve his energy by withdrawing it from objects, thereby consolidating his own position. Blake's intuition did not err when he described the two types as "prolific" and "devouring"…The one achieves its end by multiplicity of relationships, the other by monopoly."

"The one allows himself to be oriented by the given facts,
the other holds in reserve a view which interposes itself
between him and the objective data."

"Although it is true that everyone orients himself in accordance with the data supplied by the outside world, we see every day that the data in themselves are only relatively decisive…The one allows himself to be oriented by the given facts, the other holds in reserve a view which interposes itself between him and the objective data…when…decisions and actions are determined not by subjective views but by objective conditions, we speak of an extraverted attitude…Naturally he has subjective views too, but their determining value is less than that of the objective conditions. Consequently, he never expects any absolute factors in his own inner life, since the only ones he knows are outside himself…his inner life is subordinated to external necessity…His requirements are limited to the objectively possible…This is the extravert's danger: he gets sucked into objects and completely loses himself in them."

"Whereas the extravert continually appeals to what
comes to him from the object, the introvert relies
principally on what the sense impression
constellates in the subject. "

"…the introvert interposes a subjective view between the perception of the object and his own action, which prevents the action from assuming a character that fits the objective situation…the introverted consciousness is naturally aware of external conditions, [but] it selects the subjective determinants as the decisive ones. It…responds to the sense stimulus in accordance with the individual's subjective disposition…Whereas the extravert continually appeals to what comes to him from the object, the introvert relies principally on what the sense impression constellates in the subject. The difference in the case of a single apperception may, of course, be very delicate, but in the total psychic economy it makes itself felt in the highest degree…"

"The introverted attitude is normally oriented
by the psychic structure, which is in principle
hereditary and is inborn in the subject."

"By the subjective factor I understand that psychological action or reaction which merges with the effect produced by the object and so gives rise to a new psychic datum [premise]. Insofar as the subjective factor has, from the earliest times and among all peoples, remained in the large measure constant…it is a reality that is just as firmly established as the external object…In this sense, therefore, the subjective factor is as ineluctable a datum as the extent of the sea and the radius of the earth."

"The introverted attitude is normally oriented by the psychic structure, which is in principle hereditary and is inborn in the subject. This must not be assumed, however, to be simply identical with the subject's ego…it is rather the psychic structure of the subject prior to any ego development…The psychic structure is the same as…what I call the 'collective unconscious'. The individual self is a portion or segment or representative of something present in all living creatures…pronounced preferences and definite ways of looking at things…they superimpose themselves on all impressions."

Bernard Montgomery
"...an objectively oriented intellectual
formula..."

"…a man whose constant endeavor…is to make all his activities dependent on intellectual conclusions…[He] elevates objective reality, or an objectively oriented intellectual formula, into the ruling principle not only for himself but for his whole environment…Everything that agrees with this formula is right, everything that contradicts it is wrong…His moral code forbids him to tolerate exceptions; his ideal must under all circumstances be realized, for in his eyes it is the purest conceivable formulation of objective reality…"

Carl Rogers
"...an act of accommodation..."

"…[it] is always in harmony with objective values…I may feel moved, for instance, to say that something is "beautiful" or "good", not because I find it "beautiful" or "good" from my own subjective feeling about it, but because it is fitting and politic to do so, since a contrary judgment would upset the general feeling situation. A feeling judgment of this kind is not by any means a pretense or a lie, it is simply an act of accommodation…Without [Fe], a harmonious social life would be impossible."

Ernest Hemingway
"...the highest pitch of actuality..."

"…those objects that excite the strongest sensations will be decisive for the individual's psychology…The sole criterion of their value is the intensity of the sensation produced by their objective qualities…No other human type can equal the extraverted sensation type in realism. His sense for objective facts is extraordinarily developed. His life is...simply real life lived to the full. His whole aim is concrete enjoyment, and his morality is oriented accordingly…he is conspicuously well adjusted to reality…extraverted sensation strives to reach the highest pitch of actuality…"

Leonardo da Vinci
"...the widest range of possibilities..."

"…intuition is...an attitude of expectancy, vision and penetration; but only from the subsequent result can it be established how much of what was "seen" was actually in the object…Sensation...[directs] attention to the physical surface, to the very things round and beyond which intuition tries to peer…intuition tries to apprehend the widest range of possibilities…It is constantly seeking fresh outlets and new possibilities in external life…If only he would stay put, he would reap the fruits of his labors; but always he must be running after a new possibility, quitting his newly planted fields..."

Immanuel Kant
"...the development and presentation
of the subjective idea..."

"…new views rather than knowledge of new facts are its main concern…what seems to it of paramount importance is the development and presentation of the subjective idea, of the initial symbolic image hovering darkly before the mind's eye. Its aim is never an intellectual reconstruction of the concrete fact, but a shaping of that dark image into a luminous idea…It's task is completed when the idea it has fashioned seems to emerge so inevitably from the external facts that they actually prove its validity…introverted thinking shows a dangerous tendency to force the facts into the shape of its image, or to ignore them altogether in order to give fantasy free play…"

Vincent van Gogh
"...an inner intensity..."

Fi

"...it seldom appears on the surface and is generally misunderstood...It's aim is not to adjust itself to the object, but to subordinate [the object] in an unconscious effort to realize the underlying images. It is continually seeking an image which has no existence in reality, but which it has seen in a kind of vision...It strives after an inner intensity, for which the object serves at most as a stimulus...Everything, therefore, that we have said about introverted thinking is equally true of introverted feeling, only here everything is felt while there it was thought...[they have] no desire to affect others, to impress, influence, or change them in any way...their feelings are intensive rather than extensive."

Sigmund Freud
"...a psychic mirror-world..."

Si

"[Sensation], too, has a subjective factor, for besides the sensed object there is a sensing subject who adds his subjective disposition to the objective stimulus...If, for instance, several painters were to paint the same landscape...each painting will be different from the others...chiefly because of different ways of seeing...[he] concerns himself with the subjective perception excited by the objective stimulus...The decisive thing is not the reality of the object, but the reality of the subjective factor...which...constitute a psychic mirror-world...introverted sensation...does not so much reproduce the object as spread over it...age-old subjective experience and the shimmer of events still unborn...he may be conspicuous for his calmness and passivity, or for his rational self-control...The too low is raised a little, the too high is lowered, enthusiasm is dampened down, extravagance restrained..."

Friedrich Nietzsche
"...possible views of the world which
may give life new potential..."

Ni

"...it does not concern itself with external possibilities but with what the external object has released within him...[it] perceives all the background processes of consciousness...[it] moves from image to image, chasing after every possibility in the teeming womb of the unconscious...The extravert would say: 'Reality does not exist for him, he gives himself up to fruitless fantasies'...But since these images represent possible views of the world which may give life new potential, this function...is...indispensable to the total psychic economy...through its perception of these inner processes, [it] can supply certain data which may be of the utmost importance for understanding what is going on in the world..."